Effective biosecurity practices are essential for mitigating intraspecies and zoonotic disease transmission during human-wildlife interactions, yet it is unclear how infection control policies are put into action by those working with cervids. We evaluated biosecurity practices among professionals working with cervids in the U.S. and Canada via an electronic survey conducted between March 2024 and June 2024. Study objectives were to identify pathogens of concern, describe current biosecurity protocols, evaluate the effectiveness of disinfecting practices against pathogens of concern, and explore associations between practices and factors such as profession, regional endemic diseases, and the nature of interactions. Survey respondents were primarily composed of ecologists/biologists (n=37, 47.4%), veterinarians (n=36, 46.2%), and managers or wildlife capture professionals lacking those backgrounds (n=5, 5.4%). Respondents identified Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) and SARS-CoV-2 as primary pathogens of concern, with CWD being the most frequently targeted for disinfection, even in non-endemic areas. Use of personal protective equipment was common. While most respondents indicated the existence of biosecurity protocols, adherence was inconsistent, particularly in free-ranging settings versus captive settings. Disinfection frequency also varied in association with professional background. Respondents in regions where CWD was endemic were more likely to have formal biosecurity policies and protocols compared to non-endemic areas. Our study also identified infection control gaps, with some respondents using ineffective disinfectants or suboptimal concentrations against reported pathogens of concern. These findings highlight the need for standardized, evidence-based guidelines when developing, implementing, and updating cervid biosecurity protocols, particularly regarding effective disinfectant use.
